In proteins, amino acids are held together by amide bonds. These bonds are long-lived and are robust against changes in temperature, acidity, or alkalinity.

image: This is a scheme of reaction rate acceleration of amide hydrolysis by inclusion in the self-assembled molecular cage. view more Credit: NINS/IMS. Proteins are composed of amino acids ...

image: Optimized reaction conditions for amide bond formation in nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds using carboxylic acid requires only 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine N-oxide (DMAPO) and di ...

Hydrolysis. Hydrolysis (cleavage) is the breaking of peptide bonds between amino acid residues, releasing smaller peptide chains. The peptide bonds of Asp-Pro and Asp-Gly are the most easily ...

Carboxylesterase (CES): Enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of ester, thioester, and amide bonds, affecting drug activation and detoxification. Prodrug: An inactive compound that is metabolically ...

Using NMR to follow the reaction process, Shi, et al. first tested acid hydrolysis using DCl added to D 2 O in a solution containing diester and the cavitand. One end of the ester is deep within ...

Exposure of C57/Bl6 mice to chronic stress (21 days of 6 h day −1 restraint stress) increased (a) the maximal velocity (V max) of anandamide (AEA) hydrolysis by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH ...