Carboxylesterase (CES): Enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of ester, thioester, and amide bonds, affecting drug activation and detoxification. Prodrug: An inactive compound that is metabolically ...

image: Optimized reaction conditions for amide bond formation in nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds using carboxylic acid requires only 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine N-oxide (DMAPO) and di ...

This is robust, however, the amide hydrolysis of 3 removes a C 2 unit as waste in the form of 2-hydroxyacetic acid sodium salt, and afterward, ... which is difficult to achieve in conventional batch ...

image: This is a scheme of reaction rate acceleration of amide hydrolysis by inclusion in the self-assembled molecular cage. view more Credit: NINS/IMS. Proteins are composed of amino acids ...

In proteins, amino acids are held together by amide bonds. These bonds are long-lived and are robust against changes in temperature, acidity, or alkalinity.