Ecosystems can be terrestrial (land-based) or aquatic (water-based), ranging from ... returning nutrients to the soil and maintaining ecological balance. Each ecosystem operates within a specific ...

Wetlands, rivers, lakes, and coastal estuaries are all aquatic ecosystems—critical elements of Earth’s dynamic processes and essential to human economies and health. Wetlands connect land and ...

Lakes are a fundamental component of terrestrial ecosystems. They not only serve as habitats for countless aquatic and terrestrial species but also play a key role in climate regulation and the supply ...

In the top-down approach, the carbon balance from an atmospheric perspective ... a terrestrial signal with little interference from aquatic ecosystems. Consequently, carbon export from terrestrial ...