Waves, tide, and wind dominate coastal processes and landforms. Rivers deliver sediment to the coast, where it can be reworked to form deltas, beaches, dunes, and barrier islands. The coastal zone ...

Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is a complex undertaking that draws on a range of biophysical and social science disciplines, and involves a wide range of stakeholders operating through ...

Photo Credit: NASA Oxygen-starved ocean “dead zones,” where fish and animals cannot survive, have been expanding in the open ocean and coastal waters for several ... Today’s largest open ocean dead ...

The coastal zone can be a very hostile environment for flora with high sedimentation rates, low nutrients, high salt spray, susceptibility to storm erosion and human recreation, and agricultural ...