Black-skinned or white-skinned, they became free. Historically, the English only enslaved non-Christians, and not, in particular, Africans. And the status of slave (Europeans had African slaves ...

Turning back to the “legacy of slavery” as an explanation of social problems in black American communities today, anyone who was serious about the truth — as distinguished from talking ...

was increasingly being replaced by the black slave. In 1705, the Virginia General Assembly removed any lingering uncertainty about this terrible transformation; it made a declaration that would ...

In the book, “Slavery After Slavery," Dr. Mary Frances Berry, who is an acclaimed historian, educator and activist, writes about the court cases of several children who were forced to work and ...