Median follow-up was 6.1 years. The median number of nodes removed was greater in the patients randomized to extended LND 39 nodes vs 24 nodes in the control arm, but the percentage of nodes found ...

N1 Single lymph node metastasis, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension N1 Single regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (hypogastric, obturator, external iliac or presacral lymph node) N2 ...

Pelvic lymph node dissection is the only reliable method of staging for clinically localized prostate cancer. Despite the obvious prognostic advantages conferred by accurate staging, pelvic lymph ...

Results: 19 patients who underwent LAR with TME for rectal carcinoid were identified. 14 patients had radio-guided surgery (RGS). 12 of which, were injected with TC-99 intra-operatively and 2 had a ...

Lymph node (N) involvement N0: No lymph node metastases N1: Single regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (perivesical, obturator, internal and external iliac, or sacral lymph node) ...

For standard PLND, all lymph nodes in the obturator fossa—the area between the obturator nerve and the external iliac vein—are removed. For extended PLND, lymph nodes along the internal iliac ...

In surgery for localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer, extended lymph node removal offers no survival benefit but does increase morbidity The SWOG S1011 randomized phase 3 trial found no ...

The SWOG S1011 randomized phase 3 trial found no significant improvement in disease-free or overall survival but a higher rate of grade 3-4 adverse events and an increased risk of death in the 90 ...

Failures in the cystectomy bed and presacral region were significantly higher in pT3-4 patients with positive rather than negative margins. 76% of pT3-4 patients with negative margins who failed would ...

Doctors use an obturator during a tracheostomy to ensure the trach tube is correctly inserted and positioned in the airway. It also helps protect nearby tissues.