Fishbone diagrams aren’t detailed by design but can help hone in on problem areas. While they are used in problem-solving, fishbone diagrams aren’t intended to remediate issues.

Critical path diagrams, which have evolved from logic diagrams, can help refiners optimize the timing of FCC start-ups. Those start-ups require that certain steps occur simultaneously ...

Using the process diagram, a large-scale molecular interaction process map of ∼ 600 components and interactions has been developed to demonstrate the scalability of the notation 11,12,13.

Off-gas analysis is an on-line tool that can be used to monitor and control a process continuously. It measures oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the exhaust air of the reactor.