That ridge, it was later discovered, extended through the major oceans of the world. It is now called the Mid-Ocean Ridge. In 1953, American physicists Maurice Ewing (1906-1974) and Bruce Heezen ...

The letter did not say. Along with carbon dioxide, these volcanoes and the 40,000-miles of mid-ocean mountain ridges pump enormous amounts of heat into the ocean; we don’t have a good handle on ...