A stunning example of this in humans is the development of learned, or adaptive, immunity, which is composed ... the high-level biological codes into simple artificial modules and physical ...

Adaptive immunity is a powerful defense mechanism in ... lampreys and hagfish belong to this group. "The basic design of the adaptive immune systems in these two groups of vertebrates are ...

This process, termed clonal selection, accounts for most of the basic properties of the adaptive immune system. Clonal expansion of lymphocytes in response to infection is absolutely necessary for ...

How does it work? Remarkably, the bacterial adaptive immune system, known as CRISPR (don't worry about what it stands for) is based on a similar principle: Recognizing and remembering foreign invaders ...

In vertebrates, immune protection typically involves a bodily response called adaptive immunity that identifies and eliminates foreign threats like viruses. Immune cells, such as T cells ...