(2006) provided evidence for systematic difference in energy flow and biomass partitioning between producers and herbivores, detritus and decomposers, and higher trophic levels in food webs.

For example, crows, vultures and hyenas are scavengers. Decomposers Feed on dead and decaying organisms, and on the undigested parts of plant and animal matter in faeces.

MNPs transfer across trophic levels through multiple potential pathways ... roots-herbivores, leaf litter-decomposers, AG litter-BG decomposers, BG prey-AG predators, BG larvae-AG adults.

Food webs are ecological networks of consumption interactions, including the relationships between different trophic levels such as primary producers, herbivores, predators and decomposers.