The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is tough on electronics. Situated inside a 17-mile-long tunnel that runs in a circle under ...

"God does not play dice." This famous remark by Albert Einstein critiqued the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics.

At high doses, cosmic rays can tear through DNA molecules and damage biological tissue. Prolonged exposure to cosmic ...

Continuous time Markov chains (CTMCs) provide a mathematical framework for calculating system upset rates. The method is able to handle the calculation in cases where the system has multiple devices ...