Mar 23, 2023 · Reed et al. studied how the Chilean soapbark tree (Quillaja saponaria) makes its saponins, which lend immunostimulatory activity to vaccines against shingles, malaria, and COVID-19 (see the Perspective by Chubatsu Nunes and Dang). The saponins are currently extracted from the tree’s bark.

Jul 23, 2024 · Here, we sequence the S. officinalis genome and, through genome mining and combinatorial expression, identify 14 enzymes that complete the biosynthetic pathway to saponarioside B.

Apr 19, 2021 · Using high-throughput sequencing technologies, the steroid or triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis related genes have been discovered which can help boosting the molecular research in this biosynthetic pathway.

Overview of structural diversity in saponin aglycones. The saponin biosynthesis pathway begins with acetyl-CoA, which via the mevalonate pathway is converted to the linear 30-carbon precursor squalene (yellow).

Nov 4, 2023 · Leveraging the MeJA-elicited saponin biosynthesis, we identify multiple enzymes catalyzing the oxidation and glycosylation of triterpenoids in S. vaccaria. This exploration is aided by Pacbio...

Jan 30, 2025 · SMT1 and SSR2 control the diverging steps of phytosterol and cholesterol biosynthesis. Conversion mechanisms from furostanol-type timosaponins to spirostanol-type timosaponins are controlled by AaF26G1. The antifungal efficacy of timosaponin III is superior to that of timosaponin BII.

The biosynthesis of saponins involves two significant pathways the mevalonate pathway (MVA) and the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathways.

In the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins, the progress of gene mining by omics-based sequencing, gene screening, gene function verification, catalyzing mechanism of key enzymes and gene regulation are summarized and discussed.

Apr 2, 2025 · Steroidal saponins and SGAs share a biosynthetic pathway starting from cholesterol. Furostanol serves as a pivotal branching point for their production in S. nigrum leaves (saponins) and berries (glycoalkaloids). Boccia et al.[10] demonstrated that GAME15 acts as a scaffold, interacting with key enzymes such as GAME6, GAME8, and GAME11 during the furostanol biosynthetic steps.

Abstract. Platycodon grandiflorus has been widely used in Asia as a medicinal herb and food because of its anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties.P. grandiflorus has important clinical value because of the active triterpenoid saponins in its roots. However, the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoid saponins in P. grandiflorus remains unclear, and …